Mukudziwa chiyani pakupanga zovala? Kodi mukudziwa zonse zofunika ndi masitepe popanga? (2)

(5) Kusokakusokandi njira yapakati yopangira zovala. Kusoka zovala kumatha kugawidwa mu makina osokera ndi kusoka pamanja molingana ndi kalembedwe ndi luso laukadaulo. Mu kusoka ndondomeko mu kukhazikitsa otaya ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira pakukonza zovala kumakhala kofala kwambiri, ntchito yake ndikuthandizira kusoka kosavuta, kupanga yunifolomu yamtundu wa zovala, kupewa mapindikidwe ndi makwinya, ndikuchita gawo lina pakufanizira zovala. Mitundu yake ya nsalu zosalukidwa, nsalu zoluka, zoluka ngati nsalu zoyambira, kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi nsalu ndi magawo, ndikumvetsetsa nthawi, kutentha ndi kupanikizika, kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino. .

(6) Tsekani diso la msomali mu zovala, diso lokhoma ndi lamba nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi makina, diso lachitsulo limagawidwa kukhala lathyathyathya ndi dzenje lamaso malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe amadziwika kuti dzenje logona ndi dzenje la njiwa. Mabowo ogona amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu malaya, masiketi, mathalauza ndi zovala zina zoonda. Mabowo a njiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirijekete, masuti ndi nsalu zina wandiweyani pa kalasi ya malaya. Lock hole ayenera kulabadira mfundo zotsatirazi:

(1) Kaya malo a cingulate ndi olondola.

(2) Kaya kukula kwa diso la batani likufanana ndi kukula ndi makulidwe a batani.

(3) Kaya bowolo labowolo ladulidwa bwino.

(4) kutambasula (zolasitiki) kapena zovala zowonda kwambiri, kuti muganizire kugwiritsa ntchito dzenje lachitsulo muzitsulo zamkati za nsalu. Kusoka kwa batani kuyenera kugwirizana ndi malo a buttingpoint, apo ayi batani silingasokoneze kupotoza ndi skew ya malo a batani. Chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa ngati kuchuluka ndi mphamvu za mzere wokhazikika ndizokwanira kuti batani lisagwe, komanso ngati chiwerengero cha buckle pa chovala chakuda cha nsalu ndichokwanira.

(7) kusita anthu nthawi zambiri ntchito "atatu kusoka zisanu ndi ziwiri kusita" kusintha otentha ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pokonza zovala. Pewani zochitika izi:

(1) Aurora ndi kuyaka pamwamba pa chovalacho.

(2) Pamwamba pa chovalacho chinasiya timikwingwirima tating’ono ndi makwinya ndi zina zotentha.

(3) Pali kutayikira ndi magawo otentha.

(8) Kuyang'anira zovala kuyenera kudutsa munjira yonse yokonza kudula, kusoka, kutsekereza msomali, kumaliza ndi kusita. Pamaso pa kulongedza ndi kusungirako, zomalizidwazo ziyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa mankhwalawo. Zomwe zili zazikulu pakuwunika kwazinthu zomwe zamalizidwa ndi izi:

(1) Kaya kalembedwe kake ndi kofanana ndi chitsanzo chotsimikizira.

(2) Kaya kukula ndi ndondomeko zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za pepala la ndondomeko ndi zovala zachitsanzo.

(3) Kaya suture ndi yolondola, komanso ngati kusoka ndi zovala zaudongo ndi zosalala.

(4) zovala za nsalu yotchinga fufuzani ngati awiriwo ali olondola.

(5) kaya nsalu ya silika wisp ndi yolondola, palibe chilema pa nsalu, mafuta alipo.

(6) Kaya pali vuto la kusiyana mitundu mu zovala zomwezo.

(7) Kaya kusitako kuli bwino.

(8) Kaya zomangira zomangira zimakhala zolimba, komanso ngati pali chodabwitsa cholowetsa guluu.

(9) Kaya mutu wawaya wakonzedwa.

(10) Kaya zida zopangira zovala zatha.

(11) Kaya chizindikiro cha kukula, chizindikiro chochapira ndi chizindikiro pa zovala zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili zenizeni, komanso ngati malowo ndi olondola.

(12) Kaya mawonekedwe onse a zovala ndi abwino.

(13) Kaya zotengerazo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.

(9) ThekunyamulaZovala zosungiramo katundu zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kulongedza ndi kulongedza, ndipo kulongedzako nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'mapaketi amkati ndi akunja. Kupaka mkati kumatanthauza chovala chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zili muthumba labala. Nambala yolipira ndi kukula kwa zovala ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zomwe zalembedwa pa thumba la rabara, ndipo zoyikapo ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zokongola. Mitundu ina yapadera ya zovala iyenera kupakidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera, monga zovala zopotoka ziyenera kupakidwa ngati mpukutu wopindika, kuti zisungidwe kalembedwe kake. Zotengera zakunja nthawi zambiri zimadzaza m'makatoni, malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna kapena malangizo a pepala. Mapaketi amtundu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yamitundu, nambala yodziyimira payokha, mtundu umodzi wosakanikirana, mitundu yosakanikirana yodziyimira payokha mitundu inayi. Ponyamula katundu, tcherani khutu ku kuchuluka kwathunthu ndi kukula kolondola kwa mtundu. Sambani chizindikiro cha bokosi pabokosi lakunja, kusonyeza kasitomala, doko lotumizira, nambala ya bokosi, kuchuluka kwake, chiyambi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zomwe zilipo zikugwirizana ndi katundu weniweni.